Skip to main content
Why the ‘population problem’ is not simple
This second of a three-part series on human population by the MARX MEMORIAL LIBRARY unwraps some of the complexities of human demography

OUR last answer looked at the over-simple positions often by pro- and anti- population control campaigners — the former arguing that population growth is the major “cause” of poverty, want and the environmental crisis; the latter that there can never be “too many people” and that under socialism our planet could sustain an infinitely greater population.

Few Marxists would agree with either position. Engels, for example, declared that “there is, of course, the abstract possibility that the number of people will become so great that limits will have to be set to their increase.” 

He continued: “But if at some stage communist society finds itself obligated to regulate the production of human beings, just as it will have already come to regulate the production of things, then it, and it alone, will be able to do this without difficulties.  

The 95th Anniversary Appeal
Support the Morning Star
You have reached the free limit.
Subscribe to continue reading.
Similar stories
The Peasants' Revolt
Full Marx / 6 September 2026
6 September 2026

Class struggle is the motor of history but the direction and detail of change at any time and place is the outcome of many factors, suggests the Marx Memorial Library and Workers’ School

A Neanderthal model at the Natural History Museum, London
Full Marx / 30 August 2026
30 August 2026

Humans are part of the ‘animal kingdom’ – and of nature in general – but also distinct from it and labour (work) is part of what makes us unique, declared Engels. His insights 150 years ago into how our species came to be and how we differ from the rest of nature, are as important today as they were then, says the MARX MEMORIAL LIBRARY

Planet earth by Kevin M Gill/CC
Full Marx / 18 July 2026
18 July 2026

Nature as well as society works dialectically, asserts the Marx Memorial Library and Workers’ School

spike
Books / 6 November 2025
6 November 2025

JOHN GREEN asks how can we take decisive action on population levels with a world leader who is a destructive ignoramus