This year’s Bristol Radical History Festival focused on the persistent threats of racism, xenophobia and, of course, our radical collective resistance to it across Ireland and Britain, reports LYNNE WALSH

DISEASES come in many guises. Before late 2019, there had never been a single case of Covid-19 and SARS-CoV-2 was an unknown virus. Now, less than a year and a half later, there have been millions of cases. In contrast, a disease like malaria has been with humans ever since we emerged as a species.
An early species of Plasmodium, the parasite which causes malaria, was found in mosquitoes that had been preserved in amber for nearly 30 million years. Yet this is no guide to a disease’s impact. During 2020, more people on the continent of Africa died of malaria than Covid-19.
While it took less than a year to develop a vaccine for Covid-19, a vaccine for malaria has proven near-impossible. However, that may be about to change.

A maverick’s self-inflicted snake bites could unlock breakthrough treatments – but they also reveal deeper tensions between noble scientific curiosity and cold corporate callousness, write ROX MIDDLETON, LIAM SHAW and MIRIAM GAUNTLETT
Science has always been mixed up with money and power, but as a decorative facade for megayachts, it risks leaving reality behind altogether, write ROX MIDDLETON, LIAM SHAW and MIRIAM GAUNTLETT

