Skip to main content
Work with the NEU
Marx, London and the First International
Marx is mostly remembered as a revolutionary thinker, but, as Professor MARY DAVIS explains, his theory was rooted in a lifetime of political activity
A sketch of the congress of the International Workingmen's Association, also known as the First International

KARL MARX lived permanently in London from 1849 until his death.

London, and to a lesser extent Brussels, was the place of refuge for radicals fleeing repression after the European revolutions of 1830 and 1848. The city thus became the hub of revolutionary émigré activity.

Britain did not experience similar uprisings to those in Europe at the time. However, this did not indicate the absence of mass struggle.

Between the mid 1830s-1850s, Britain, the first industrial nation, witnessed the development of its most significant workers’ movement of the 19th century, Chartism.

This was a mass movement of all subdivisions of the working class affected by industrialisation. It created, in 1842, the world’s first workers’ political party, the National Charter Association.  

By 1848 Chartism’s political orientation was moving towards socialism under the leadership of Ernest Jones and George Julian Harney.

The 95th Anniversary Appeal
Support the Morning Star
You have reached the free limit.
Subscribe to continue reading.
Similar stories
dignity definition
Full Marx / 14 August 2026
14 August 2026

Dignity is important to all humans, argues the Marx Memorial Library and Workers’ School, but it does not come about automatically. In a less than perfect world, dignity can accompany suffering, but the collective dignity of working people is achieved through acting together to change the world.

AS OLD AS THE HILLS: The anti-Chinese wall: The American wall goes up as the Chinese original goes down, a 1882 cartoon by Friedrich Gratz published in Puck / Public domain
Opinion / 6 August 2026
6 August 2026

ROY WILKES takes issue with those on the left who argue immigration lowers wages — dividing resident and migrant workers only strengthens capitalist exploitation

A poster by Otto Lander designed for May 1, 1901: Proletarians of all lands, unite!
Full Marx / 2 August 2026
2 August 2026

Internationalism is deeply embedded in socialist theory and practice. Examination illuminates its complexity asserts the Marx Memorial Library and Workers’ School

Editorial webpic.jpgKarl Marx and Friedrich Engels / Pic: Wikipedia/CC
History / 28 July 2026
28 July 2026

The Isle of Wight’s Victorian holiday boom drew visitors from across Europe, including the founders of scientific socialism, writes KEITH FLETT