COLOMBIAN President Gustavo Petro insists that the “war on drugs has failed,” and is pushing for an approach he calls “phased decriminalisation.” His government is prioritising the initiative, which is part of its far-reaching programme for social and political reforms — all of which face strong right-wing political opposition.

At a big meeting on October 3 of mostly small farmers in El Tambo, in Cauca, where “the coca economy is the main way of life for thousands of peasants,” Colombia’s first-ever progressive president presented his government’s national drug policy for 2023.

The drug plan attends to some of the main features of Colombia’s longstanding social disaster. They include: dispossession leading to consolidation of large land holdings, agricultural underdevelopment, migrations leading to precarious lives often in cities, widespread lethal violence, and great wealth accumulated by top-level distributors and their financial backers.