THE defeat of BJP-led Hindutva politics in Karnataka state is cause for celebration and hope for India’s secular constitutional democracy. 

The people of Karnataka, in the south-west of the country, rejected divisive and bigoted politics under Narendra Modi’s leadership. His campaign focused on polarisation, while the Congress Party led a positive campaign. 

The Congress Party successfully consolidated its votes and organisation, countering Hindutva propaganda with its five “guarantees” policy. 

These guarantees include providing 200 units of free electricity to every household through a grant of Rs2,000 (£19.50) to every woman heading a family; through a scheme providing 10kg of rice per month to every member of BPL (below poverty line) families; through sanctioning of Rs3,000 (£29.30) to unemployed graduates and diploma holders (18-25 age group) for two years; and offering free travel for women through the “Shakti” (“power”) scheme. These alternative policies were crucial to the Congress Party’s victory.

In spite of electoral defeat, the Hindutva politics continues to enjoy significant support base in Karnataka. The BJP secured 36 per cent of the total votes, which highlights that reactionary political, cultural and economic factors have made inroads among people of Karnataka and their secular society. 

Hindutva is defeated but not down. The Hindutva forces led by the BJP are likely to become more reactionary to consolidate their higher-caste Hindu vote bank after their electoral defeat.  

Therefore it is imperative to move beyond electoral populism to deracinate Hindutva to ensure prosperity, peace and social harmony among all communities in the state.  

Progressive and democratic governance, along with educational and cultural interventions based on material history and science, can shape popular culture to dismantle the Hindutva project and its base.  

The decline in vote share of left parties in the Karnataka assembly election is a disturbing outcome. These parties lost elections in all their strongholds. Some lazy political analysis attributes this to weak trade union movements and identity politics. 

The left parties have engaged in internal conflicts and formed political alliances without a clear direction, prioritising personal differences over ideological class positions. 

This decline in the left’s vote share is disastrous for the working people of the state and sends a negative signal to national politics. 

The political disunity among left parties is a clear example of missed opportunities in working-class politics and the promotion of radical political consciousness. 

Once again, the left parties have failed to effectively address the challenges posed by the capitalist onslaught led by Hindutva fascism in India.

Such a political trend in left politics only empowers reactionary political forces in the long run. The disunity of the left weakens working people, citizenship rights and their share in democratic politics. The electoral defeats of the left political parties weaken the welfare and democratic state. 

Left politics is the moral compass and political anchor of the working people to uphold the economic interests of the masses for a progressive and democratic society. 

Left unity is central to the working-class political project in India. The political collaboration and co-operation among left-wing political parties, groups and movements based on common objectives and shared values are crucial to achieve collective political progress and deepening of working-class politics. 

There is no doubt that the left encompasses a diverse range of ideologies and perspectives, the principle of left unity must encourage setting aside differences and focusing on shared values and goals. 

The significance of left unity in fostering social change, addressing common challenges, and promoting a more equitable and just society depends on the collective struggles of the left parties. The mass movements can overcome the ideological fragmentations by acknowledging the inherent strengths in diversity. 

By building bridges rather than walls, left unity amplifies the collective voice of the left, making it more effective in challenging existing power structures and advocating for progressive policies.  

The left parties and their unity can only mobilise people against all forms of inequality and exploitation in the society by appealing to wider society.  

This wider collaboration enables the left to create coalitions that span various social, economic and cultural divides. The united left can achieve greater influence and electoral success, translating its ideals into tangible policy changes for societal transformation. 

Ultimately, the future of left-wing politics in India depends on the actions and strategies adopted by the parties involved, the ability to connect with the aspirations and concerns of the people, and the capacity to effectively navigate the changing political landscape. 

Left unity can provide foundations for progressive social, economic, cultural and environmental transformation by upholding interests of the working people. 

Left politics can only shape the future of a formidable mass movement capable of challenging all exploitative structures to create peaceful and egalitarian society. 

The forward march of left unity is not only the starting point but also the only available alternative to defeat the twin dangers of Hindutva fascism and capitalism in India.

Bhabani Shankar Nayak is an academic at the University of Glasgow.