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Only skin deep?
New research shows how alpha particles form in the ‘skin’ of an atom’s nucleus, write ROX MIDDLETON, JOEL HELLEWELL and LIAM SHAW
Sir Ernest Rutherford, Langworth Professor of Physics at Manchester University, with an ‘atom counting’ apparatus; and (far left) an artist’s impression of two neutron stars merging

IMAGINE an atom: like a miniature solar system with the nucleus in the centre and electrons orbiting around like planets. 

Although the picture is familiar, analogies like this can mislead. New research published in Science last week by a team largely based in Darmstadt, Germany, emphasises that the atom is far stranger than our simple images. We still have much to learn about its inner citadel: the nucleus. 

The discovery of the atomic nucleus is a little over a century old. Earlier ideas about the atoms imagined them like tiny billiard balls. 

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