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I am not a robot: PhD students and exploitation
The majority of scientific research is carried out by PhD students who are not paid wages but a 'stipend' of £15,609 — and this year's increase is not in line with inflation — ROX MIDDLETON, LIAM SHAW and JOEL HELLEWELL report on their plight

FOR those of us that believe that people are the future of humanity, robots and machines present a challenge — and an ambivalent prospect. The industrial revolution, in which machines were introduced on a huge scale, changed the relationship of the working and capitalist classes, as well as the relationship between workers and their labour.

The invention of machines has in some ways improved the quality of human lives. However, the net benefit seems impossible to calculate: machines are used, in practice, not to improve lives, but to increase capital. Today billions live half-controlled by machines.

In our last column, we discussed the consequences of automation applied to personal communication in the form of chat bots. Robots of all forms are also big news in the practice of science.

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